1. Allow users to alter volume themselves, ideally at individual output level

1. Use loud sounds – all users experience discomfort regardless of their hearing levels

1. Use sound within a frequency range of 800-1000Hz

2. Use natural speech over computer-generated speech

3. Choose lower pitched speakers if providing speech audio

1. Use high pitches where possible

1. Reduce background or multiple noise sources

2. Ensure music tracks are recessive if being used behind speech

3. Provide a written caption underneath your content for short video or audio clips

1. Consider adding visual aids such as light or motion to sound sources so people are aware that sound is available

Provide subtitles, captions or written transcripts

1. Ensure they are accurate and do not block visual content

2. Consider which alternative you need – subtitles provide word-for-word translation so are good for foreign language users whereas captions provide other auditory information, like someone knocking on the door or a person’s tone of voice, so work better for those with hearing loss